Ruy Lopez: Steinitz Defense

A solid and somewhat passive defense against the Ruy Lopez, this opening aims to maintain a strong pawn structure while preparing for counterplay.

The Steinitz Defense is a chess opening that is a response to the Ruy Lopez, one of the oldest and most classic of all openings. It is named after the first World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, who used it with great success in the late 19th century. The main idea behind this defense is to maintain a solid pawn structure and prepare for counterplay in the center and on the queenside.

In this opening, Black chooses to delay the development of their light-squared bishop and instead focuses on reinforcing the center with a pawn on d6. This can lead to a somewhat passive position for Black, but it also provides a solid foundation for future play.

The Steinitz Defense has been considered somewhat inferior to other defenses against the Ruy Lopez, such as the Open Ruy Lopez or the Closed Ruy Lopez, mainly because it can lead to passive positions for Black. However, it is still a playable option for those who prefer a solid and less aggressive approach.

In recent years, the Steinitz Defense has been somewhat revitalized by the efforts of grandmasters like Evgeny Sveshnikov, who have found new ideas and resources for Black in this opening. While it may not be the most popular choice at the highest level, the Steinitz Defense remains a viable and interesting option for club players and those looking to explore less-trodden paths in the Ruy Lopez.