Ruy Lopez: Morphy Defense, Steinitz Deferred

A classic chess opening that focuses on controlling the center and applying pressure on the opponent's knight, while maintaining flexibility for both sides.

The opening is a variation of the Ruy Lopez, which is one of the oldest and most classic of all chess openings. It is named after the famous chess player Paul Morphy and the first World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz. In this opening, White aims to control the center with their pawn on e4 and knight on f3, while Black tries to counter this by playing e5 and Nc6. White then plays Bb5, putting pressure on the knight on c6 and indirectly on the pawn on e5.

Black responds with a6, forcing White to retreat the bishop to a4. Black then plays Nf6, attacking the e4 pawn, and White castles kingside. At this point, Black plays d6, solidifying their pawn structure and preparing to develop their light-squared bishop. This move is what differentiates the Steinitz Deferred from other variations of the Morphy Defense.

The opening is characterized by a rich middlegame with many strategic and tactical possibilities for both sides. White often aims to exploit the weakness of Black's pawn on e5, while Black seeks counterplay on the queenside or in the center. The opening is considered to be relatively balanced, with chances for both sides to outplay their opponent.